Topic: The Oral Microbiome in Health and Disease: From Microbial Ecology to Clinical Applications

The oral microbiome is a complex and dynamic ecosystem that plays a crucial role in maintaining oral homeostasis and influencing host health. Alterations in its composition and function may contribute to dysbiosis and to the development and progression of several oral diseases. This Special Issue aims to highlight recent advances in oral microbiome research, with particular emphasis on microbial ecology, host–microbiome interactions, dysbiosis, and their clinical implications. Contributions addressing the role of the oral microbiome in dental caries, periodontal and peri-implant diseases, orthodontic treatment, oral mucosal disorders, and oral–systemic interactions are particularly welcome.

Original research articles and reviews exploring microbial biomarkers, biofilms, multi-omics approaches, artificial intelligence, and microbiome-targeted preventive or therapeutic strategies are also encouraged.

By integrating basic, translational, and clinical research, this Special Issue seeks to improve our understanding of the oral microbiome in the transition from health to disease and to explore its potential applications in diagnosis, prevention, and personalized treatment.